In this study, I would like to address two pressing issues. Recent studies have highlighted their importance in his accounts of celestial generation and astrology. more Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) makes extensive use of souls and spiritus in his natural philosophy. Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) makes extensive use of souls and spiritus in his natural philosophy. This chapter will focus on a number of themes that mark celestial physics and cosmological speculation in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries: the order of the celestial bodies and their nature, the relationship between celestial and terrestrial things, the question of celestial animism or vitalism, and the status of the divine in celestial nature. Celestial physics offered some of the most heated arguments for or against the Aristotelian cosmos, with controversial attempts to account for astronomical observation by integrating various causal innovations. Yet the history of celestial physics is far richer than was thought a generation ago, and there is much to be learned about the origins of the field, particularly in the sixteenth century, when humanist activity brought forth a dazzling array of philosophical possibility-from reconsiderations of Aristotle and Islamicate commentary to the revival of Platonic, Epicurean, and Stoic worldviews. more It has long been recognized that astronomy was a catalyst of the Scientific Revolution, spurring on deeply consequential speculation about the nature of the cosmos and its physical principles. It has long been recognized that astronomy was a catalyst of the Scientific Revolution, spurring.
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